ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Unmanaged cases of obesity might lead to serious conditions and complications, which impair patients' lives. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of daily 3 mg subcutaneous (s/c) Liraglutide amongst obese non-diabetic patients in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of obese non-diabetic Saudi patients with obesity managed with s/c Liraglutide 3.0 mg who visited the outpatient clinic in Al Mashfa Hospital, Al Khobar, KSA during 2019-2021. We collected patient data from the electronic reporting system for different parameters. Body weight, hemoglobin A1c %, systolic and diastolic blood pressure mmHg were obtained at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS: Records of 258 patients who were using a daily dose of Liraglutide 3.0 mg s/c for at least four months have been reviewed. The body weight loss of patients who used Liraglutide for four months was 8.1±0.8 kg. Moreover, around 204 patients continued for up to six months. Meanwhile, the mean body weight loss was 13 kg. There was a significant reduction of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) % by 0.43%. The majority of patients (94.5%) reported satisfaction with the treatment, while adverse events were mainly nausea, vomiting and constipation. CONCLUSION: Daily s/c Liraglutide of 3.0 mg is effective in producing significant body weight reduction in obese non-diabetic Saudi patients with tolerable minimal side effects and may provide health benefits in terms of reduced risk of obesity and its related outcomes.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In order to impart immunity against SARS COV 2 in the community, the oil rich countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) provided citizens and expatriates with free vaccination. Different types of vaccination brands were utilized for this purpose. The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of the different types of vaccinations used. METHODS: This is an observational analytical case study of one Bahraini family who were vaccinated with 1st, 2nd or no dose. RESULTS: Out of 22 double dose recipients of SARS COV2 vaccine, 20 were infected. Those 20 were vaccinated against SARS COV 2 using Sinopharm, the rest (2) were in direct contact with the source but were vaccinated against SARS COV 2 using other type of vaccine. Out of 26 single dose recipients of Sinopharm vaccine, 23 were infected. The other three were not in direct contact with the infected source. Social gathering has been the main source of transmission. The infection has been mild with headache, chest pain. From 20 cases with double dose vaccinations only one had a lung infection and needed hospitalization. Out of 23 cases with single dose vaccinations 10 were hospitalized due to lung infections. All family members who were not vaccinated were infected, three were hospitalized one of which was deceased due to diabetes mellitus complications. CONLCUSION: Sinopharm provides partial protection against SARS COV 2 infection. That might be due to lack of its potential to detect recent variations in the protein structure of spike(S) protein of virus.